Who can become an Australian citizen?
Most permanent residents who meet residence, presence and character requirements can apply for citizenship by conferral. Other pathways include citizenship by descent and specific provisions for former citizens or people born in Australia under certain conditions.
Residence and presence requirements
Applicants must usually meet minimum periods of lawful residence in Australia, with certain limits on time spent overseas in the years before applying. Complex travel histories can make calculations difficult, so applicants often use online calculators and professional advice to confirm eligibility.
Character and previous migration history
Citizenship applicants must satisfy a good character requirement. Police checks, prior visa cancellations, compliance history and other factors can all be relevant. People with criminal records or complicated migration backgrounds frequently seek citizenship lawyers to help them prepare thorough explanations and evidence.
Citizenship test, interview and ceremony
Most adult applicants must pass a citizenship test focusing on Australian values, responsibilities, history and government. After approval, applicants are invited to a citizenship ceremony to make the pledge of commitment. Processing and ceremony wait times vary by location.
Frequently Asked Questions — Australian Citizenship — Eligibility, Residence Test & Application Process
Do I lose my existing citizenship if I become Australian?
This depends on your original country’s laws. Some countries allow dual citizenship, while others do not.
Can I apply for citizenship with a criminal record?
Possibly, but character issues make the case more complex. Professional advice is recommended before lodging.
Does time on a temporary visa count towards citizenship?
Parts of your lawful stay may count towards residence requirements, but you should carefully check current rules or seek advice.